The software distributed with and the firmware contained in this product is Copyright (c) 1998-2002 by Industrologic, Inc.
Industrologic, Inc. reserves the right to change any product's features, specifications, documentation, warranties, fee schedules, and conditions at any time and without notice.
Industrologic products are provided as printed circuit board level assemblies. Some Industrologic products may include mechanical packaging assessories which are provide for the purchaser's convenience, and are not intended to be final assembly enclosures.
Industrologic products are provided with the understanding that the purchaser will determine fitness for any particular application as well as achieve compliance with any particular specifications or regulations as required or desired for that application.
Industrologic's obligation under this Warranty is limited to replacement with a new or repaired unit to the original purchaser. The unit must be returned, and replacements obtained from Industrologic, Inc. or the Distributor or OEM from whom it was purchased.
This warranty will not apply if, in the judgment of Industrologic, Inc., damage or failure of the product has resulted from accident, alteration, misuse, abuse, connection to or operation with incompatible signals or power sources, or improper installation.
Under no circumstances shall Industrologic, Inc. be liable to purchaser or any third party for any loss of profits or other direct or indirect costs, expenses, losses, or consequential damages arising out of or as a result of any defects in or failure of Industrologic products or any part or parts thereof.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AS TO DESCRIPTION, QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, OR ANY OTHER MATTER.
Products must be returned by original purchaser with a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number issued by Industrologic, Inc. or the Distributor or OEM from whom it was purchased, authorizing its return. Current repair or replacement fees and procedures will be related during the issue of the RMA number.
Warranty or repair units must be returned with postage and insurance paid by purchaser. Industrologic, Inc. is not responsible for damages or loss during shipment.
Self-contained printed circuit board assembly with no wiring or connections necessary except those required to connect power, communication, and user signals.
Watchdog timer that resets the controller if a program ceases to execute properly for a preset period of time (approximately 1/2 second).
LED indicators for selected functions: Power, serial port transmit and receive, test voltage.
Serial Port 1 is reserved for system set up, diagnostic control, and program upload and download. The connector and pin assignment of this port is designed for easy connection to the serial port of an IBM PC or equivalent computer with a male to female, pin to pin 9 pin cable.
Serial Port 2 is provided for interface to man-machine interfaces such as LCD displays, video display terminals, or "smart sensors" and data acquisition devices, or can be used to slave one SBC-1 to another and act as a master/slave system. The connector and pin assignment of this port is designed to emulate a serial port of an IBM PC or equivalent computer.
Special commands are available to allow the SBC-1 to be used as a "slave" unit to another RS-232 device and to use its I/O as an extension of the "master", or controlling device.
The TinyBASIC language interpreter can read and write EEPROM locations using a special command. This memory allows you to write a given memory cell up to 10,000 times before the device is depleted, and so a user program can be written that allows for "learning" and storage of "learned" data. This can also be used as an debugging aid.
A Year-2000 compliant real-time clock is implemented in hardware and firmware, and is available to TinyBASIC in the form of special commands, as well as to assembly language programs.
Two task timers are available (separate from the real-time clock) that keep track of system Hours (0-255), Minutes (0-59), Seconds (0-59), and Ticks (0-99). (Ticks are .01 seconds each). These timers can be set to a specified amount of time and will set a flag which is available to the user program on completion of their assigned timing tasks.
Many of the assembly language routines required by the system software in ROM are available as callable modules that allow you concentrate on the code for your application instead of developing an entire "system" for the unit.
Note: Instead of jumpering only 24 signals for use with the 50-pin header connector, all 24 inputs and all 24 outputs can be used in one of two ways:
Special note on power supplies:
These specifications are for actual measured voltages at the SBC-1. Be advised that all unregulated wall pack power supplies produce their rated voltage only at their specified current, and will actually produce a much higher voltage at lower current drains. For example, a 12 volt unregulated supply rated at 800 ma may actually produce 20 volts when connected to the SBC-1. Use either the wall block power supply provided with the SBC-1, or one you have measured with a meter and know to be an appropriate voltage.
On-board LED's:
The red power LED1 indicates power applied to SBC-1. The green LED2 is driven by the serial port transmit line and will flicker when data is transmitted. The yellow LED3 is driven by the serial port receive line and will flicker when data is received. The red LED4 is available for testing purposes and can be used to check for signals or voltages at various points on the board. Jumpers are available to connect the ends of the LED to +5 and/or ground, giving you the ability to check signals that either source or sink current.
Power available at the screw terminals:
The +5 volt supply used on-board the SBC-1 is made available at discrete screw terminals to allow quick interfacing to certain devices requiring power without having the need to provide separate power supplies. However, the current drawn from these terminals should not exceed 100 milliamperes.
Operating Environment:
Temperature: 0-50 degrees Celsius (32-122 Fahrenheit)
Humidity: 30 to 80 percent, non-condensing
Optional conformal coating as a special order item.
(Contact Industrologic, Inc. for more information.)
Interrupt Inputs:
(10K pull-up resistor to +5)
Voltage input high: 2.2 volts minimum
Voltage input low: 0.8 volts maximum
Digital Inputs:
(10K pull-up resistor to +5)
Voltage input high: 2.2 volts minimum
Voltage input low: 0.8 volts maximum
Digital Outputs:
(Isolated open-collector transistors.)
Voltage switched: 36 volts DC
Current sink: 100 ma maximum
Note:
Total current sink for all digital outputs combined should be limited to 800 ma.
Analog Inputs:
Voltage range: 0 to +5 volts
Input capacitance: .01uf
Input Impedance: 5000 ohms or less for best results
Accuracy: +/- 1 LSB (or +/- 2 LSB bits with SBC-1-AD12)
Resolution: 8 bits (or 12 bits with SBC-1-AD12)
Test LED: As an aid in troubleshooting wiring connections and to quickly demonstrate signal operation, the two jumpers associated with the TEST LED allow the LED to be used to monitor signals that either source or sink current. With the LED- jumper installed, a signal that sources current can be connected to LED+. With LED+ jumper installed, a signal that sinks current can be connected to LED-. With both jumpers installed, the TEST LED becomes a +5 volt power indicator.
Program Write Protect: Beginning with printed circuit board revision B the SBC-1 has an additional 3 place jumper labeled EEWRITE. This jumper allows the EEPROM used for program storage to either be written in the normal fasion when the jumper is in the WR position, or write protected when in the PROT position.
Digital Input/Output Selection: The group of jumpers called IOSEL are used to select whether a particular digital I/O signal sent to the 50-pin rack I/O connector and screw terminal is used as an input or output. All 24 input signals are available on the top row of 24 pins, and all 24 output signals are available on the bottom row. To set a particular I/O signal to the connectors as an input, place the jumper between the top pin and center pin, or as an output, between the bottom pin and center pin.
1. By using an SBC1-TB48 terminal block board to allow all 48 I/O signals to be available at screw terminal blocks. Remove all of the IOSEL jumpers and install the SBC1-TB48 as shown in the picture below, which makes connection from the terminal blocks to all 48 signals on the IOSEL jumper pins. Note: With the jumpers removed from the IOSEL pins, the eight terminal block connections IO1 through IO8 on the SBC-1 are no longer connected to the I/O signals, are isolated from each other, and are available as general purpose connections.
2. By using an SBC1-I24 adapter board to add a second 50-pin header connector. Set the IOSEL jumpers to select all 24 digital outputs on the SBC-1 50-pin header connector. Then install the SBC1-I24 as shown in the picture below, which makes connection from its 50-pin header to all 24 inputs on the remaining IOSEL jumpers. Connect wires from the screw terminal block connections to +5 and ground if needed. A cable can then be plugged into the 50-pin header on the SBC1-I24 that can go to a digital input board.
3. By connecting an additional cable to the IOSEL jumpers directly. Set the IOSEL jumpers to select all 24 digital inputs on the SBC-1 50-pin header connector. As shown in the picture below, place the connector of the second cable so that pin 1 of the connector is going to IOSEL position 24 and pin 47 of the connector is going to IOSEL position 1. The other end of the cable can be connected to a digital output board, (but will not have the +5 and ground connections available as in a normal RACKIO connection.)
Digital Outputs:
The 24 digital output signals DO1-DO24 are available for connection to the RACKIO connector selection with jumpers IOSEL0 through IOSEL23. These signals are connected to discrete open-collector NPN transistors. Turning "ON" an output will turn on the associated transistor and cause it to sink current at the output. In addition, signals DO1-DO8 are available at the terminal block connectors if so selected. Outputs 1-24 are associated with transistors DOQA-DOQX respectively.
Interrupt Inputs:
The 2 digital interrupt input signals I1 and I2 are available at the terminal block connectors and are connected directly to the INT0 and INT1 pins of the 80C51 processor chip (U1). These signals include 10K pull-up resistors to +5.
Serial Ports:
There are 2 physical ports on the SBC-1 that provide RS232-C compatible transmit and receive signals. They are driven by a MAX-232 charge pump transceiver chip (U7) and exhibit + or - 10 VDC signal levels when not loaded. Port #1 is a DB9F and is designed to connect directly to a PC serial port with a pin-to-pin male-to-female cable, and Port #2 is a DB9M and simulates a PC serial port for use with devices wired for connection to a PC serial port.
Analog Input:
The analog input signal A1 is available on the terminal block connectors and is connected to the input of the A/D converter chip (U11).
The SBC-1 Serial Port 1 and its pinout matches the 9-pin serial port of IBM PC compatible computers and can be easily connected to these computers using a pin-to-pin, male-to-female cable. The SBC-1 does not require hardware handshake signals and can be used with only the transmit, receive, and ground signals connected. Certain programs, however, may require that some of the input handshake signals be asserted going into the PC. In order to make this easier, the SBC-1 has the common PC handshake signals looped back on the board, so that when a 9-wire cable is used, the signals are asserted without further connection. The connector and pin assignment of Serial Port 2 is designed to emulate a serial port of an IBM PC or equivalent computer. If you hook up to some other form of serial port device you may have to consult the data from it's source or manufacturer to determine the interface cabling requirements.
The following is a pinout of the serial ports:
Serial port 1 - DB9 Female Serial Port 2 - DB9 Male
Description Pin signal on a PC Description Pin
1 DCD in 1
transmit 2 receive receive 2
receive 3 transmit transmit 3
4 DTR out 4
ground 5 ground ground 5
6 DSR in 6
7 RTS out 7
8 CTS in 8
9 RI in 9
On both Serial Port 1 and 2 connectors, pins 1, 4, and 6 are tied together,
and pins 7 and 8 are tied together.
The following is a pinout of the connector.
digital I/O #24 1 2 ground digital I/O #23 3 4 ground digital I/O #22 5 6 ground digital I/O #21 7 8 ground digital I/O #20 9 10 ground digital I/O #19 11 12 ground digital I/O #18 13 14 ground digital I/O #17 15 16 ground digital I/O #16 17 18 ground digital I/O #15 19 20 ground digital I/O #14 21 22 ground digital I/O #13 23 24 ground digital I/O #12 25 26 ground digital I/O #11 27 28 ground digital I/O #10 29 30 ground digital I/O #9 31 32 ground digital I/O #8 33 34 ground digital I/O #7 35 36 ground digital I/O #6 37 38 ground digital I/O #5 39 40 ground digital I/O #4 41 42 ground digital I/O #3 43 44 ground digital I/O #2 45 46 ground digital I/O #1 47 48 ground +5 49 50 ground
Pin # Name Function Remarks 1 BITO data output bit TTL 2 STB strobe output TTL 3 BITI data input bit TTL 4 TXD serial transmit RS232-C 5 BAD0 bit address 0 TTL 6 RXD serial receive RS232-C 7 BAD1 bit address 1 TTL 8 +UNREG power to external device 500 mA max! 9 BAD2 bit address 2 TTL 10 +5V power to external device 100 ma max! 11 DAD0 device address 0 TTL 12 RST high true reset TTL 13 DAD1 device address 1 TTL 14 COMMON common 15 DAD2 device address 2 TTL 16 COMMON common
A - set Autoboot on/off (User program auto load and run on reset) C - real-time Clock (Display/Set the real-time clock) D - Download program using XMODEM (Dump EEPROM to file on PC) E - edit External memory (Edit EEPROM or RAM Memory) F - Fill external memory (Fill memory with specified byte) G - Goto user program (EEPROM) (Jump to EEPROM and execute code there) H - or ? or RET = Help (Re-displays this menu) I - edit Internal memory (Edit the memory inside of the 80C51) J - Jump table (Display system callable code routines) K - Goto BASIC (Jump to TinyBASIC interpreter) M - memory Map (Display a map of all memory space) N - dump iNternal memory (Dump the 80C51 internal memory + SFRs) O - change Output terminals (Turn outputs on or off directly) P - serial Port 2 test (Momentarily transmit and receive on Port 2) Q - display relative time clock (Displays the relative time since reset) T - display I/O Terminals (Display the status of all I/O terminals) U - Upload program using XMODEM (Load from the PC to EEPROM your code) V - display Variable input (A to D) (Display results of A to D converter) X - dump eXternal memory (Dump the hex and ASCII equivalent)Note that you can temporarily stop the display by hitting the space bar, and then pick up where you left off by hitting the space bar again. The following shows most of the commands as they appear from the system monitor prompt on the SBC-1.
>A Autoboot is now ON Run your uploaded program on power up? 1 = YES, 0 = NO, ESC exits. >C YEAR MONTH DAY DAY OF WEEK HOUR MINUTE SECOND 1999 12 31 6 23 59 59 S to set RTC, C to read again, all other keys exit S (Century is not entered, but is determined by year). Type 2 numbers for year (00-99): Type 2 numbers for month (01-12): Type 2 numbers for day (01-31): Type 1 number for day of week (1-7, 1=Sunday): Type 2 numbers for hour (00-23): Type 2 numbers for minute (00-59): Time will be set when next key is hit. (Seconds are always set to 00). >D Download the contents of the EEPROM chip on the SBC-1 to the host terminal (personal computer) using the XMODEM format. (In this manner the contents of one SBC-1 can be saved to a file on the host system and then downloaded to another SBC-1 to replicate one SBC-1 to another.) >E Edit external memory. Enter start address. xxxx ESC to exit editing. >F Fill external memory. Enter start, end addresses and fill byte xxxx-yyyy,zz >G (Jump to user program in EEPROM. If this area contains a stored BASIC program, the SBC-1 will automatically run TinyBASIC and execute this BASIC program.) >H (redisplays menu) >I Edit internal memory. Enter start address. xx RET for next, ESC to exit. >J Jump Table Offset Function 33H Serial character input 36H Serial character input with echo 39H Serial status, carry set if no character 3CH Serial character output 3FH Serial string output (NULL terminated) 42H Send CR,LF to serial port 45H Delay for number of milliseconds in ACC 48H Delay for number of seconds in ACC 4BH Input/Output bit scan 4EH Select serial baud rate 51H Select serial port 1 or 2 54H Start user timer 57H A/D conversion 5AH Strobe watchdog 5DH EEPROM write 60H Write to external LED Display 63H Jump to TinyBASIC interpreter 66H Read real-time clock 69H Write real-time clock >K (Jump to TinyBASIC in ROM) >M ====================== Memory Map ======================= 0000H -- 1FFFH 1st 8K of EPROM 2000H -- 3FFFH 2nd 8K of EPROM (27C128) 4000H -- 5FFFH 3rd 8K of EPROM 6000H -- 7FFFH 4th 8K of EPROM (27C256) 8000H -- 9F7FH User EEPROM (8064 bytes) *Code/Data* 9F80H -- 9FFFH System Use EEPROM (128 bytes) A000H -- BFFFH unused C000H -- DDFFH User RAM (7680 bytes) *Code/Data* DE00H -- DFFFH System UseRAM (512 bytes) E000H -- FFFFH unused ========================================================= >N Dump internal memory. Enter start, end addresses. xx-yy >O Bank # (1-3)? (Bank #1 = outputs 1-8, Bank #2 = 9-16, Bank #3 = 17-24) Channel # (1-8)? On = 1, Off = 0? >P Test Port 2 Select baud rate or press ENTER for 9600 1) = 300 2) = 600 3) = 1200 4) = 2400 ? >Q Elapsed time since reset/powerup = Hours:00 Mins:13 Secs:48 Ticks:55 User timers available: 2 >T Bank I/O CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 INT1 INT2 01 In 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 02 In 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 In 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 Out 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wdtimer = 0 02 Out 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Out 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Press letter "O" to change outputs, 'T' to refresh status >U Upload a binary file on the PC to the EEPROM chip on the SBC-1 using the XMODEM format. With 8 bit A/D: >V Variable input value (in decimal) = 255 This numeric value multiplied by .01953 = the approximate voltage 0 to 5 volts On SBC-1-AD12 with 12 bit A/D: >V Variable input value (in hexadecimal) = 0FFF This numeric value multiplied by .001221 = the approximate voltage 0 to 5 volts >X Dump external memory. Enter start, end addresses. xxxx-yyyy SPACE to pause, ESC to exit
Slave commands are implemented in displayable ASCII codes where the 8 bit decimal values 0 thru 255 decimal will be sent and received as a hexadecimal value represented by two ASCII characters. For example, 0 decimal will be sent as 30H 30H (00 on the screen of the terminal) and 255 decimal will be sent as 4AH 4AH (FF on the screen of the terminal).
Slave commands sent to the SBC-1 do not need a carriage return or line feed following the command, but will be acted on whenever the last required character is sent to it. Responses from the SBC-1 will be followed by 0DH 0AH 0AH 3EH (carriage return, 2 line feeds and a "greater than" or character which is the monitor prompt character).
Slave commands include a checksum, which is transmitted along with output commands and received with input commands, to enable the host device to ensure that data transmission is correct to and from the SBC-1. The checksum is another 8 bit decimal value represented by two ASCII characters that comes after the end of the command values (but before any carriage return/line feed sequence). Check sum calculations must be implemented in the acquisition or control program on the host device.
>S Get status of all inputs and outputs
Data returned: xxyyzzttuuvvwwcs0D0A0A3E, where xx is inputs 01-08 represented by bits 7 through 0 respectively, yy is inputs 09-16, zz is input bits 17-24, tt is interrupt inputs I1 and I0 represented by bits 1 and 0 respectively, uu is outputs 01-08, vv is outputs 09-16, ww is outputs 17-24, cs is the checksum, 0D is carriage return, 0A is line feed and 3E is the "greater than" or > character.
The checksum for this command is calculated by doing a two's complement (inverting and adding one) of the sum of the 8 bit values, (ignoring the overflow or carry past 8 bits on each addition). Examples: The checksum for FF FF FF 03 00 00 00 would be 00 (FF + FF + FF + 03 + 00 + 00 + 00 = 00 ignoring the overflow, 00 hex inverted is FF hex, FF hex + 01 hex = 00 ignoring the overflow). The checksum for FE FF FF 03 00 00 00 would be 01 (FE + FF + FF + 03 + 00 + 00 + 00 = FF ignoring the overflow, FF hex inverted is 00 hex, 00 hex + 01 hex = 01).
>Bxxyycs Set output bit
Where xx is the output bit 01 through 24 and yy is 00 or 01 (representing 0 for off and 1 for on).
The checksum for this command is calculated by doing a two's complement (inverting and adding one) of the decimal sum of the two 8 bit decimal values (but treated as hexadecimal in this case). Examples: The checksum for 01 01 would be FE ( 1 + 1 = 2 decimal , 2 is treated as 02 hex, 02 hex inverted is FD hex, FD hex + 01 hex = FE). The checksum for 24 01 would be DB ( 24 + 01 = 25 decimal, 25 is treated as 25 hex, 25 hex inverted is DA hex, DA hex + 01 hex = DB).
>Y Get A/D converter value
Data returned:
With the 8 bit A/D converter xxcs0D0A0A3E, where xx is the 8 bit value 00 through FF,
cs is the checksum, 0D is carriage return, 0A is line feed and 3E is the "greater than"
or > character.
On the SBC-1-AD12 with the 12 bit A/D converter xxxxcs0D0A0A3E, where xxxx is the the 12 bit value 0000-0FFF, cs is the checksum, 0D is carriage return, 0A is line feed and 3E is the "greater than" or > character.
The checksum for this command is calculated by doing a two's complement (inverting and adding one) of the 8 bit value. Examples for 8 bit A/D: The checksum for the value 00 would be 00 (00 hex inverted is FF hex, FF hex + 01 hex = 00). The checksum for 44 would be BC (44 hex inverted is BB hex, BB hex + 01 hex = BC).
>R Reset all outputs to logic 0.
Outputs cease to sink curent.
Machine language development requires:
Using a communications software package while the SBC-1 is at the prompt and running the TinyBASIC interpreter, you can simply upload ASCII to the SBC-1 as though it was being typed manually, and then type in SAVE so that the SBC-1 will save the "automatically typed" file to EEPROM.
0000H-7FFFH is the first 32K bytes of memory space and is reserved for CODE storage only. The first part of this area is normally used by the System PROM.
8000H-9FFFH is used for an 8K byte EEPROM of which 8064 bytes can be used for storage of uploaded user programs including TinyBASIC programs. This memory can be written to up to 10,000 times before the part requires replacement, but may be read an unlimited number of times. This part is capable of being both CODE and DATA space. The area from 9F80H to 9FFFH is system use area.
A000H-BFFFH is undefined space at this time
C000H-DFFFH is used for an 8K byte static RAM part that is used for both CODE and DATA space. The area from DE00H to DFFFH is system use area.
E000H-FFFFH is undefined space at this time
OFFSET - DESCRIPTION
0033H - SERIAL IN
Waits for a character to be received from the serial port.
Returns: character in ACC. No other registers changed.
0036H - SERIAL IN WITH ECHO
Waits for character received, strips parity bit (MSB), sends character out
serial port.
Returns: character in ACC. No other registers changed
0039H - SERIAL IN STATUS
Gets status of serial receive.
Returns: Carry flag set if no characters received. Carry flag clear if
character available. No registers changed.
003CH - SERIAL CHARACTER OUT
Sends character out serial port.
Entry: ACC = character to send. No registers changed
003FH - SERIAL STRING OUT
Sends null terminated string out serial port
Entry: DPTR = pointer to string
No registers changed
0042H - CR, LF OUT
Sends carriage return and line feed out serial port
No registers changed
0045H - DELAY MILLISECONDS
Entry: ACC = number of milliseconds to delay
No registers changed
0048H - DELAY SECONDS
Entry: ACC = number of seconds to delay
No registers changed
004BH - I/O BIT SCAN
Update I/O bit representation in bit addressable ram
No registers changed
004EH - SELECT SERIAL BAUD RATE
Entry: ACC = 01: 300 baud
02: 600
03: 1200
04: 2400
05: 4800
06: 9600
No registers changed
0051H - SELECT SERIAL PORT
Entry: ACC = 01 for first port, 02 for second port
No registers changed
0054H - START USER TIMER
Entry: ACC = Timer number 01, 02
R0 = milliseconds
R1 = seconds
R2 = minutes
R3 = hours
No registers changed
Upon timeout: Timer 1 - bit 32.0 set, Timer 2 - bit 32.1 set
0057H - A/D CONVERSION
Return: With 8 bit A/D converter, ACC = byte value 00 to FF hex
Return: On the SBC-1-AD12 with 12 bit A/D converter,
B=high nibble 0-F hex, ACC=lower byte 00 to FF hex
No other registers changed
005AH - TOGGLE WATCHDOG PORT
Toggles the strobe pin of the watchdog timer
No registers changed
005DH - EEPROM WRITE
Write one byte to EEPROM
Entry: DPTR = address to write to
ACC = byte to write
No registers changed
0060H - WRITE TO EXTERNAL LED DISPLAY
Displays null terminated string on an optional LED display connected to the
IOEXP connector on the SBC-1.
Entry: DPTR = pointer to string
No registers changed
0063H - JUMP TO TINYBASIC INTERPRETER
Jump directly to TinyBASIC
Contents of registers are abandoned
0066H - REAL-TIME CLOCK READ
Read contents of the RTC chip registers into the following memory locations
in external RAM:
Century: DFE0H
Year: DFE1H
Month: DFE2H
Day: DFE3H
Day of Week: DFE4H
Hour: DFE5H
Minute: DFE6H
Second: DFE7H
0069H - REAL-TIME CLOCK WRITE
Write the contents of the following locations in external RAM into the
RTC chip registers: (Century and Seconds cannot be written.)
Year: DFE1H
Month: DFE2H
Day: DFE3H
Day of Week: DFE4H
Hour: DFE5H
Minute: DFE6H
Byte Offset 020H Bit 32.0 Completion bit for Timer 1 Bit 32.1 Completion bit for Timer 2 Bit 32.2 Unused Bit 32.3 Unused Bit 32.4 Unused Bit 32.5 Unused Bit 32.6 Unused Bit 32.7 Set by System Timer every 24 hours Byte Offset 021H Byte Offset 022H Byte Offset 023H Bit 33.0 Input - Bit1 Bit 34.0 Input - Bit9 Bit 35.0 Input - Bit17 Bit 33.1 Input - Bit2 Bit 34.1 Input - Bit10 Bit 35.1 Input - Bit18 Bit 33.2 Input - Bit3 Bit 34.2 Input - Bit11 Bit 35.2 Input - Bit19 Bit 33.3 Input - Bit4 Bit 34.3 Input - Bit12 Bit 35.3 Input - Bit20 Bit 33.4 Input - Bit5 Bit 34.4 Input - Bit13 Bit 35.4 Input - Bit21 Bit 33.5 Input - Bit6 Bit 34.5 Input - Bit14 Bit 35.5 Input - Bit22 Bit 33.6 Input - Bit7 Bit 34.6 Input - Bit15 Bit 35.6 Input - Bit23 Bit 33.7 Input - Bit8 Bit 34.7 Input - Bit16 Bit 35.7 Input - Bit24 Byte Offset 024H Byte Offset 025H Byte Offset 026H Bit 36.0 Output - Bit1 Bit 37.0 Output - Bit9 Bit 38.0 Output - Bit17 Bit 36.1 Output - Bit2 Bit 37.1 Output - Bit10 Bit 38.1 Output - Bit18 Bit 36.2 Output - Bit3 Bit 37.2 Output - Bit11 Bit 38.2 Output - Bit19 Bit 36.3 Output - Bit4 Bit 37.3 Output - Bit12 Bit 38.3 Output - Bit20 Bit 36.4 Output - Bit5 Bit 37.4 Output - Bit13 Bit 38.4 Output - Bit21 Bit 36.5 Output - Bit6 Bit 37.5 Output - Bit14 Bit 38.5 Output - Bit22 Bit 36.6 Output - Bit7 Bit 37.6 Output - Bit15 Bit 38.6 Output - Bit23 Bit 36.7 Output - Bit8 Bit 37.7 Output - Bit16 Bit 38.7 Output - Bit24 Byte Offset 027H Bit 39.0 I1 Bit Bit 39.1 I2 Bit Bit 39.2 Image of I1 Bit Bit 39.3 Image of I2 Bit Bit 39.4 Watchdog enabled - set if user program will update watchdog timer, if not set System Timer bumps WDTIMER Bit 39.5 User's watchdog timer status Bit 39.6 unused Bit 39.7 TX buffer flag bit - used by interrupt handler Byte Offset 028H Byte Offset 029H Byte Offset 02AH Bit 40.0 Input Image - 1 Bit 41.0 Input image - 9 Bit 42.0 Input image - 17 Bit 40.1 Input image - 2 Bit 41.1 Input image - 10 Bit 42.1 Input image - 18 Bit 40.2 Input image - 3 Bit 41.2 Input image - 11 Bit 42.2 Input image - 19 Bit 40.3 Input image - 4 Bit 41.3 Input image - 12 Bit 42.3 Input image - 20 Bit 40.4 Input image - 5 Bit 41.4 Input image - 13 Bit 42.4 Input image - 21 Bit 40.5 Input image - 6 Bit 41.5 Input image - 14 Bit 42.5 Input image - 22 Bit 40.6 Input image - 7 Bit 41.6 Input image - 15 Bit 42.6 Input image - 23 Bit 40.7 Input image - 8 Bit 41.7 Input image - 16 Bit 42.7 Input image - 24 Internal RAM - Byte Offset 00H to 030H Variables used by monitor ROM Internal RAM - Byte Offset 034H to 05FH Available for user assembly language program Internal RAM - Byte Offset 060H Stack used by monitor ROM External RAM - Byte Offset DE00H to DFFFH System use and Tiny BASIC use
There are 3 functions-
ABS(X) gives the absolute value of X.
CHR(X) gives the ASCII character represented by the decimal value X.
RND(X) gives a random number between 1 and X (inclusive).
INKEY gives zero if no character is waiting at the serial port
(if no console key has been pressed), or the value of the character
(or console key pressed) if there is one.
Here is a translation table to relate these characters or keys to their decimal values:
Decimal Control Char. Control Decimal Decimal
Value Character Abbreviation Key Value Character Value Character
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
00 NULL NUL ^@ 45 - (hyphen) 90 Z
01 START OF HEADING SOH ^A 46 . (period) 91 [ (left bracket)
02 START OF TEXT STX ^B 47 / 92 \ (backslash)
03 END OF TEXT ETX ^C 48 0 93 ] (right bracket)
04 END OF TRANSMIT EOT ^D 49 1 94 ^ (carat)
05 ENQUIRY ENQ ^E 50 2 95 _ (underscore)
06 ACKNOWLEDGE ACK ^F 51 3 96 ` (accent)
07 BEEP BEL ^G 52 4 97 a
08 BACK SPACE BS ^H 53 5 98 b
09 HORIZONTAL TAB HT ^I 54 6 99 c
10 LINE FEED LF ^J 55 7 100 d
11 VERTICAL TAB VT ^K 56 8 101 e
12 FORM FEED FF ^L 57 9 102 f
13 CARRIAGE RETURN CR ^M 58 : 103 g
14 SHIFT OUT SO ^N 59 ; 104 h
15 SHIFT IN SI ^O 60 < 105 i
15 DEVICE LINK ESC DLE ^P 61 = 106 j
17 DC1 X-ON DC1 ^Q 62 > 107 k
18 DC2 DC2 ^R 63 ? 108 l
19 DC3 X-OFF DC3 ^S 64 @ 109 m
20 DC4 DC4 ^T 65 A 110 n
21 NEG. ACKNOWLEDGE NAK ^U 66 B 111 o
22 SYNC. IDLE SYN ^V 67 C 112 p
23 END OF TX BLOCK ETB ^W 68 D 113 q
24 CANCEL CAN ^X 69 E 114 r
25 END MEDIUM EM ^Y 70 F 115 s
26 SUBSTITUTE SUB ^Z 71 G 116 t
27 ESCAPE ESC 72 H 117 u
28 RIGHT ARROW (on PC) 73 I 118 v
29 LEFT ARROW (on PC) 74 J 119 w
30 UP ARROW (on PC) 75 K 120 x
31 DOWN ARROW (on PC) 76 L 121 y
32 BLANK SPACE 77 M 122 z
33 ! 78 N 123 { (left brace)
34 " (double quote) 79 O 124 | (vertical bar)
35 # (number sign) 80 P 125 } (right brace)
36 $ 81 Q 126 ~ (tilde)
37 % 82 R 127 DELETE
38 & 83 S
39 ' (single quote) 84 T
40 ( (open parenthesis) 85 U
41 ) (close parenthesis) 86 V
42 * 87 W
43 + 88 X
44 , (comma) 89 Y
The arithmetic operators are:
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ integer division (note that 14/5 = 2)
MOD remainder from division (14 MOD 5 = 4)
The logical operators are:
NOT bit boolean not
AND bit boolean and
OR bit boolean or
XOR bit boolean xor
The compare operators are:
> greater than
< less than
= equal to
<> not equal to
>= greater than or equal to
<= less than or equal to
Arithmetic and logical operations result in a value between -32767 and 32767. (-32768 is also allowed in some cases). All compare operators result in a 1 if true and a 0 if not true.
Within each precedence level, the value of an expression is computed from left to right. Parentheses can also be used to alter the order of evaluation. Note that compare operators can be used in any expression. For example:
10 LET A = (X>Y) * 123 + (X=Y) * 456 + (X<Y) *789
20 IF (U=1) AND (V<2) or (U>V) AND (U<99) PRINT "YES"
30 LET R = RND(100): A = (R>3) + (R>15) + (R>56) + (R>98)
In statement 10, A will be set to 123 if X>Y, to 456 if X=Y, and to 789 if X<Y. In statement 30, Y will be a random number between 0 and 4 with a prescribed probability distribution of: 3% being 0, 15 - 3 = 12% being 1, 56 - 15 = 41% being 2, 98 - 56 = 42% being 3, and 100 - 98 = 2% being 4.
Due to program stack limitations, there is a limit to the complexity of expressions you may have reason to create. Large expressions may need to be broken down into multiple simpler ones to prevent the result of the expression from exceeding the numbers allowed.
RUN Will start to execute the program starting at the lowest statement number
LIST Will print out all the statements in numerical order
LIST 120 Will print all statements in numerical order starting at statement 120
NEW Will delete all statements and set variables A-Z to zero
Commands and Logical Operators can be abbreviated to save space in SBC-1 memory and also "squeeze" more onto each line of code. The method is as follows:
Represent the command or operator by using the shortest unique string based on the normal order of characters followed by a period. (.) Examples: GOS. = GOSUB, GOT. = GOTO, X. = XOR (there are no other X commands so one letter and the period will do.)
Note: It is up to the user to determine how many characters will be necessary to properly identify a command that has been abbreviated. If too few characters are used, the interpreter will simply find and use the command that happens to be first on its list of commands to search.
The words LET in the LET command and THEN in the IF command can be omitted. A variable name by itself will print the value of that variable on the console.
REM or REMARK
This command is for storing comments to be stored along with the program that afford future aid to someone trying to understand or modify the program.
Example:
REM This program was written by Ben F. on 07/04/76
LET
This command is used to set a variable to the value of an expression.
Examples:
LET A = 234 - 5 * 6
Will set the variable A to the value of the expression
234 - 5*6 (ie, 204).
LET V = (A>B) * X + (A<B) * Y
Will set the variable V to either X, Y or 0 depending on whether A is greater than, less than, or equal to B.
Sequential variables may be initialized by separating sequential expressions by commas.
LET A = 1, 2, 3, A, B * C
Will set variable A to 1, B to 2, C to 3, D to 1 (the updated contents of A), and E to 6
This command is used to send characters and numbers to the console serial port.
PRINT when used alone will cause a carriage return (CR) and a line feed (LF).
Examples:
PRINT A * 3 + 1, "ABC 123 !@#", 'CBA'
Will print the value of the expression A * 3 + 1 (ie, 4), the string of characters "ABC 123 !@#", and the string "CBA", and then a CR-LF. Note that 'single' or "double" quote marks may be used to bracket a string.
PRINT A * 3 + 1, "ABC 123 !@#", 'CBA',
Will produce the same output as before, except that there is no CR-LF after the last item is printed. This enables the program to continue printing on the same line with another "PRINT" command. Each comma in the above examples causes one or more spaces to be printed until the cursor has reached a tabulation column, which occur every eight spaces. All spaces between variables and character strings may be eliminated by using semicolons instead of commas. (There are no spaces inserted automatically before or after numbers or strings).
PRINT , , , "X="; :X = -1: PRINT X; "!"
Will print the five characters "X=-1!" on one line, starting in column 25
INPUT
This command pauses for user input from the input device.
Example:
INPUT A,B
Will print ":" and wait to read in a number from the input device. The variable A will be set to this value. A tab and another ":" will be printed and variable B is set to the value of the next number read from the input device. A number being entered may be terminated with any non numeric character, such as a space or
carriage return.
INPUT "WHAT IS THE WEIGHT", A, "AND SIZE", B
This is the same as the command above, except the prompt ":" is replaced by "WHAT IS THE WEIGHT:" and the second ":" is replaced by "AND SIZE:"
INPUT A, 'STRING'; "ANOTHER STRING", B;
The strings and semicolons have the same effect as in "PRINT"
IF
This command tests the value of expressions.
IF A < B LET X = 3: PRINT 'THIS STRING'
Will test the value of the expression A < B. If it is odd (ie, if it is true), the commands in the rest of this statement will be executed. If the value of the expression is even or zero (ie, if it is not true), the rest of this statement will be skipped over and execution continues at the next statement. The keyword "THEN" may optionally be used after the expression
GOTO
This command cause the program to jump to the specified line number.
Example:
GOTO 120
Will cause the execution to jump to statement 120.
Note: The GOTO command cannot be followed by a colon and other commands. It must be ended with a CR.
GOTO A * 10 + B
Will cause the execution to jump to a different statement number as computed from the value of the expression.
GOSUB
GOSUB command is similar to GOTO command except that the current statement number is remembered for the next RETURN command.
RETURN
When a RETURN command is encountered, it will cause the execution to jump back to the command line following the most recent GOSUB command. GOSUB can be nested. The depth of nesting is limited only by the stack space. A RETURN command must be the last command in a statement and followed by CR.
FOR and NEXT
These commands allow the construction of program loops.
Examples:
FOR X = A + 1 TO 3 * B
The variable X is set to the value of the expression A + 1: The value of the expression (not the expression itself) 3 * B is remembered. The name of the variable X and the statement number are also remembered. Execution continues in the normal way until a NEXT command is encountered.
NEXT X
The name of the variable (X) is checked with that of the most recent FOR command. If they do not agree, an error message is generated. When a match is found, this variable will be set to its current value plus 1. The updated value is then compared with the value of the TO expression also saved by the FOR command. If this is within the limit, execution will jump back to the command following the FOR command. If this is outside the limit, execution continues following the NEXT command itself. FOR can be nested. The depth of nesting is limited only by the stack space.
END
This command stops the execution of the program and returns control to direct commands from the input device. It can appear many times in a program but must be the last command in any given statement, that is, it cannot be followed by a colon and other commands. END is optional as the last line of a program.
Manually stopping program execution:
The execution or listing of the program can be aborted by pressing the Control-C key on the input device. The command in progress or line being listed will first be completed. Output to the console may be momentarily stopped by typing Control-S. Output will resume when Control-Q is typed.
RESET
This command will restart the interpreter from the beginning, as if a hardware reset were performed, (but does not create a physical reset signal within the controller). This command causes the controller to reinitialize completely from the beginning location of the ROM code (just like at power up). This command is especially useful to leave the interpreter and go back to the ROM System Monitor without cycling power to the controller.
DPRINT
This command is used to display characters and numbers on an optional LED display unit connected to the IOEXP connector, and is used much like the PRINT command, with certain limitations. Any characters specified that are beyond the number of characters available on a particular model of display will be ignored. Since all digits of the LED display must be processed during a single internal routine, the DPRINT command has the following limitations.
For SBC-1 TinyBASIC Version 2.5, semicolons and commas cannot be used at the end of a DPRINT command to format the displayed characters and variables, but rather, all characters and variables displayed must be specified within the same DPRINT command.
For version 2.6 and beyond, semicolons and commas can be used at the end of a DPRINT command to format the displayed characters and variables, but these characters and variables will not be displayed until a DPRINT command is used without a semicolon or comma for formatting, or until a DPRINT command with no argument is used.
INBIT1(through 24)
This command gets the current value of the specified input bit from the bit-mapped ram area serviced by the IOSCAN command. Note that this command gets the data frozen by the last IOSCAN and not necessarily the current value of the input bit.
OUTBIT1(through 24)=(0 or 1)
This command sets the specified output bit in bit-mapped ram area serviced by the IOSCAN routine. Note that this bit is transferred to the physical outputs when the IOSCAN command is executed by the interpreter.
Example:
OUTBIT1=1
Will set bit 1 on in the bit-mapped RAM area
OUTBIT1(through 24)
This command gets the current value of I1 or I2 from the bit-mapped ram area serviced by the IOSCAN command. Note that this command gets the data frozen by the last IOSCAN and not necessarily the current value of I1 or I2.
IOSCAN
This command scans all the inputs and outputs and resolves the internal boolean RAM bits manipulated by program logic with the actual state of external input and output terminals
VIN1
This command gets the conversion result from the Analog to Digital (A/D) converter and presents it as a 16 bit result minus leading zeroes. With the standard 8 bit A/D installed this command returns 0-255 decimal to the user program depending on the 0 - 5 VDC level present on the input to the controller. On the SBC-1-AD12 and its 12 bit A/D the value ranges from 0-4095 decimal.
INTIN(1 or 2)
I1 and I2 are the 2 direct processor inputs on the controller and are read directly by the interpreter without having to IOSCAN like the other inputs. Therefore, these 2 inputs will provide the best sensing performance capable with the inputs of the controller.
CTR(1 or 2)
CTR1 and CTR2 are special counters that are always enabled by the interpreter and are directly driven by the I1 and I2 signals. At the transition of the INTIN(1 or 2) signal as current is applied the counter is incremented by 1. Each time the interpreter accesses the value of CTR(1 or 2) this count is returned to the interpreter and then the stored value of CTR(1 or 2) is returned to a count of zero. This effectively gives the user 2 interrupt inputs to handle high speed or "can't miss" inputs on a real-time relieved basis. If it is a long time between accesses to CTR the values may be high (they will return to zero automatically when they reach 255 and can be lost if this is allowed to happen) and so attention must be paid during testing of programs to assure timely access.
SETTIME1(2)=H,M,S,T
This command sets a task timer (not the real-time clock) of up to 255 hours (H), 59 minutes (M), 59 seconds(S), and 99 hundredths(T). There are 2 such timers available, TIMER1 and TIMER2. Note that at least the first two units, hours and minutes, must be specified, and that any units to the right of minutes will be made zeroes if not specified. Units to the left of desired units must be specified.
Examples:
SETTIME1=1,0 would time for 1 hour
SETTIME1=0,1 would time for 1 minute
SETTIME1=0,0,1 would time for 1 second
SETTIME1=0,0,0,1 would time for .01 second
SETTIME1=1,0,0,1 would time for 1 hour and 1 hundredth second
GETTIME1(2)
This command returns a bit set to 1 if the time period as commanded in SETTIME1(2) is complete, and a 0 if not. Using the timers in this manner allows the program to continue with other tasks while occasionally checking the status of a task timer to see if it has timed-out.
PAUSE
This command suspends operation of the program for a specified time and no program lines will be operated on during that time. The amount of delay is specified with values ranging from 0 to 255 in hundreds of a second (1/100 second) increments, providing a delay of up to 2.55 seconds.
Example:
PAUSE 100 would delay for one second.
SELPORT1(2)=BAUD
This command selects one of the two physical serial ports and sets it for the desired baud rate. 10 bit frames consisting of 8 bits of data, 1 start bit, and 1 stop bit (no parity) is assumed at all times, so only the physical port and the baud rate are variable.
Example: SELPORT2=300 will select port 2 at 300 baud.
Note: When transmitting out a selected physical port, time must be allowed for the transmission to complete before switching to the other port, or data will be lost. The amount of time is dependent on the baud rate selectedand may be accomplished simply with a program delay before switching ports.
Starting with SBC-1 TinyBASIC Version 2.8 the following two commands have been added:
WATCHON
This command both turns on the watchdog timer function, and "strobes" it as required to keep the watchdog timer hardware from reseting the SBC-1. Once this command is used, it must continue to be used approximately every 500 milliseconds throughout the program or until turned off with the WATCHOFF command.
WATCHOFF
This command turns the WATCHON command off. If there are functions in your program that stop the program, (for example, when the ESCAPE character is pressed), the program must use a WATCHOFF command before the program stops, or else the SBC-1 will reset after the watchdog timeout period.
This command displays the real-time clock to the serial port console device in one of two formats. Note that CLOCK is not a variable, but is a command, and cannot be tested for a particular value.
Example:
CLOCK 0 will display the time and date in this format: Wed 10/20/1996 12:00:00
CLOCK 1 will display the time and date in this format: 10/20/96 12:00:00
CLOCK 2 will display the date only in this format: 10/20/96
CLOCK 3 will display the time only in this format: 12:00:00
The following variables can be read and represent the time in the real-time clock: CEN0, YR0, MON0, DAY0, DOW0 (day of week), HR0, MIN0, and SEC0. The time is represented as 24 hour format, and the century is calculated from the year read back from the clock chip. The century returned will be accurate from the years 1998 through 2097.
Separate variables for each register allow easy testing for time periods, for example:
10 IF HR0<6 OR HR0>20 THEN OUTBIT1=1:REM TURN ON OUTSIDE LIGHTS
The following variables can be assigned, and become the values in the real-time clock registers:
YR0, MON0, DAY0, DOW0, HR0, and MIN0. Century cannot be set, but is calculated from the year. Seconds cannot be set, but are set to zero whenever any of the other registers are set.
Example:
HR0=23 will set the clock to 11 PM (and 00 seconds).
DCLOCK
This command displays the real-time clock to an optional LED display unit connected to the IOEXP connector, and is similar to the CLOCK command. Any characters beyond the number of characters available on a particular model of display will of course not be displayed.
Example:
DCLOCK 0 will display the time and date in this format: Wed 10/20/1996 12:00:00
DCLOCK 1 will display the time and date in this format: 10/20/96 12:00:00
DCLOCK 2 will display the date only in this format: 10/20/96
DCLOCK 3 will display the time only in this format: 12:00:00
This command retrieves the program stored in EEPROM (by the user) and moves it to RAM for the interpreter to run or edit.
SAVE
This command causes the entire space in interpreter memory to be stored to EEPROM memory for later usage. This command stores all of the legal user code area regardless of it's being used or not. (A small program still requires a total User area save.)
SPYON
This command causes the line number of an expression to be displayed as the interpreter runs the program. This is expressly for debugging and tracing programs.
SPYOFF
This command turns the SPYON command back off again.
HEX
This command will change the number base for the entire operation of the interpreter from decimal into hexadecimal. For example, using HEX before an INPUT command will allow entry of a number in hexadecimal, and using HEX before a PRINT command will cause the printing of a number in hexadecimal followed by an "H".
DECIMAL
This command will change the number base for the entire operation of the interpreter from hexadecimal back to decimal.
Note: Using the HEX command will cause the entire number base to change including the operations on line numbers! This means that you will almost always need to use a DECIMAL command as the last part of a line on which you use a HEX command, so that the next line number will be operated on correctly in decimal mode.
CBYTE
Locations in EEPROM (Code) from 8000H to 9F7FH can be written and read using CBYTE. TinyBASIC saves user programs starting from 8000H and continues upward. If you need to use CBYTE to access a section of EEPROM for your own special storage area, you should begin with 9F7FH and continue downward. If the TinyBASIC program you save becomes large enough it will overwrite your special storage area.
XBYTE
Locations in external RAM from C000H to DDFFH can be written and read using XBYTE. When you are editing a BASIC program TinyBASIC uses the RAM starting from C000H and continues upward. If you need to use XBYTE to access a section of RAM for your own special storage area, you should begin with DDFFH and continue downward. If the TinyBASIC program you are editing becomes large enough it will overwrite your special storage area.
Example:
To read the byte at location 9F80H you can use the following code:
10 HEX:A=CBYTE 9F80H:DEC.
(Notice the use of HEX and DECIMAL on the same line.)
(1) "Syntax Error" means the language does not understand you.
Example:
210 PTINT "THIS" (where PRINT is mistyped.)
When this line is executed, the program halts and "Syntax Error" will print.
(2) "Expression Error" means the language understands you but does not know how to do it.
Examples:
310 LET A = B * C + 2 (where B * C is greater than 32767)
410 GOTO 412 (where 412 does not exist)
If either of these lines are executed, the program halts and "Expression Error" will print.
(3) "Stack Error" means the language understands you and knows how to do it, but there is not enough memory to do it.
Note: the interpreter does not re-type the erroneous statement or indicate where the error occurred.
end of manual